Introduction to LLM
This page provides an easy-to-understand guide on LLMs (Large Language Models) from basics to applications for AI enthusiasts.
Chapter 8 — Adversarial Attacks on Models
Eighth post of the LLM Primer VII walkthrough. Adversarial examples in NLP (HotFlip, TextFooler), model extraction (Tramèr et al., Carlini et al.), and the defensive strategies for API-boundary abuse.
2026-05-17
Chapter 14 — Token Economics and API Pricing
Fourteenth post of the LLM Primer VI walkthrough. The input-vs-output token asymmetry, the hidden cost of conversation history, and the invisible reasoning tokens that quietly rewrite the daily bill.
2026-05-06
6.2 Simple Python Experiments with LLMs
A preview from Chapter 6.2: Learn how to run large language models with Hugging Face, OpenAI, Google Cloud, and Azure using just Python and a few lines of code.
2024-10-05
6.1 Introducing Open-Source Tools and APIs
A preview from Chapter 6.1: Explore Hugging Face, OpenAI, Google Cloud Vertex AI, and Azure Cognitive Services—leading tools to bring LLMs into your projects.
2024-10-04